Key Highlights
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a range of conditions with varying strengths and challenges.
- Understanding types of autism can help tailor therapies and support.
- Early intervention and ABA therapy are effective in improving outcomes.
- Common types include Level 1 (mild), Level 2 (moderate), Level 3 (severe), and previously recognized subtypes like Asperger’s.
- Awareness of individual needs is crucial for educational and social support.
Understanding the Types of Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction, communication, behavior, and learning. The term “spectrum” highlights the diversity in how autism presents, meaning no two individuals will experience autism in the same way. Understanding the types of autism is essential for parents, caregivers, educators, and therapists to provide the right support and interventions.
What Defines Autism?
Autism is generally characterized by:
- Differences in social communication and interaction
- Restricted or repetitive behaviors and interests
- Sensory sensitivities, including heightened or reduced responses to stimuli
These characteristics can appear in various combinations and intensities, which is why understanding the type or level of autism can help plan care and interventions.
Traditional Subtypes of Autism
Before the current diagnostic framework (DSM-5, 2013), autism was categorized into specific subtypes. While these terms are less formally used today, they can still help explain differences in presentation:
| Subtype | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Autistic Disorder | Significant challenges in social and communication skills, often accompanied by repetitive behaviors and intellectual disabilities. |
| Asperger’s Syndrome | Social challenges and restricted interests, but no significant delay in language or cognitive development. |
| Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) | Milder symptoms that do not fit other categories but still affect social and behavioral functioning. |
| Childhood Disintegrative Disorder | Rare condition with normal early development followed by a significant loss of skills in language, social interaction, and motor abilities. |
Current Levels of Autism
The DSM-5 now classifies autism by levels of support needed, which can be seen as a practical way to describe the spectrum:
Level 1: Requiring Support (Mild)
- Individuals may communicate verbally but struggle with social interactions.
- May have trouble organizing tasks and managing daily routines.
- Needs minimal support but can benefit from therapy and social skills training.
Level 2: Requiring Substantial Support (Moderate)
- Noticeable difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication.
- Repetitive behaviors and restrictive interests are more pronounced.
- Requires consistent support in educational settings and daily life.
Level 3: Requiring Very Substantial Support (Severe)
- Severe challenges with communication may be nonverbal.
- Extreme difficulty in coping with change and social situations.
- Requires high levels of support for daily activities and personal care.
Common Traits Across Autism Types
Despite the differences in levels or subtypes, many individuals share common traits:
- Communication Variability: Some may speak fluently, while others use alternative communication methods like sign language or speech-generating devices.
- Sensory Sensitivities: Heightened or reduced response to lights, sounds, textures, or tastes is common.
- Repetitive Behaviors: Hand-flapping, rocking, or arranging objects in patterns are often observed.
- Special Interests: Intense focus on specific topics or hobbies is a hallmark of autism.
- Social Interaction Challenges: Difficulties understanding social cues or forming peer relationships may be present.
How Understanding Autism Types Helps
Identifying the type or level of autism can help caregivers and therapists:
- Tailor individualized education plans (IEPs)
- Choose suitable behavioral therapies, such as ABA therapy
- Implement strategies to support social, emotional, and academic growth
- Reduce frustration by anticipating sensory or communication challenges
Role of ABA Therapy Across Autism Types
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a scientifically validated approach to supporting individuals with autism. Its benefits vary depending on the type and level of autism:
| Autism Level | How ABA Helps |
| Level 1 | Improves social skills, communication, and adaptive behaviors. |
| Level 2 | Addresses more noticeable behavioral challenges, enhances learning, and routine management. |
| Level 3 | Provides intensive, structured support for communication, daily living skills, and behavior management. |
ABA therapy is highly individualized, which makes it effective across the spectrum. Early intervention is often key to maximizing progress.
Learn More About Each Level
Level 1: Requiring Support
How ABA Therapy Helps:
- Improves social skills, communication, and adaptive behaviors
- Teaches conversation skills and understanding social cues
- Helps with flexibility and managing unexpected changes
Typical Focus Areas:
- Social skills training in natural settings
- Conversation and friendship skills
- Organizational strategies
- Self-advocacy development
Level 2: Requiring Substantial Support
How ABA Therapy Helps:
- Addresses more noticeable behavioral challenges
- Enhances learning and routine management
- Breaks down complex skills into manageable steps
Typical Focus Areas:
- Functional communication training
- Behavior reduction plans
- Daily living skills
- Structured social interactions
Level 3: Requiring Very Substantial Support
How ABA Therapy Helps:
- Provides intensive, structured support
- Focuses on communication and daily living skills
- Implements comprehensive behavior management
Typical Focus Areas:
- Basic communication skills
- Self-care and safety skills
- Reducing self-injurious behaviors
- Community participation with support
Click on each level to expand and learn more
Supporting Individuals With Different Autism Types
Here are practical strategies for supporting people across the spectrum:
- Visual Supports: Visual schedules, charts, and social stories help predict daily routines.
- Communication Tools: Speech therapy, sign language, or augmentative devices improve understanding.
- Sensory-Friendly Environments: Reducing noise, bright lights, or tactile irritants minimizes sensory overload.
- Social Skills Training: Role-playing, group activities, and guided interactions build confidence and competence.
- Consistency and Structure: Predictable routines help reduce anxiety and promote independence.
Final Thoughts
Autism spectrum disorder is highly diverse, with individuals displaying a wide range of abilities and challenges. Understanding the specific type or level of autism is essential for providing support and therapy that are tailored to each person’s needs. Early intervention, particularly through ABA therapy, can lead to significantly improved outcomes. Support strategies should be personalized, focusing on communication, social skills, behavior, and sensory needs to ensure the most effective care.
With the right understanding and resources, individuals with autism can lead fulfilling, productive lives while reaching their full potential. Kennedy ABA provides specialized ABA therapy designed to meet the unique needs of each person on the spectrum, supporting growth, independence, and quality of life. Contact us today!
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are the main types of autism?
Autism is now classified by levels of support needed (Level 1, 2, 3), but previously recognized subtypes include Asperger’s, PDD-NOS, and classic autism.
2. How do autism levels affect therapy needs?
Higher levels indicate more support is required. Level 1 may need minimal support, Level 2 requires consistent intervention, and Level 3 benefits from intensive therapy.
3. Can ABA therapy help all types of autism?
Yes. ABA is adaptable and effective across all autism levels, focusing on communication, social skills, and daily living.
4. Are sensory issues present in all autism types?
Most individuals experience sensory sensitivities, but the type and intensity vary widely.
5. How can parents support a child with autism?
Provide structured routines, utilize visual aids, encourage communication tools, and engage in therapies tailored to your child’s needs.
Sources:
- https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism
- https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm
- https://www.cdc.gov/autism/signs-symptoms/index.html
- https://www.autismspeaks.org/levels-of-autism
- https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/topics/strategies-and-interventions
